Distance and direction
Distance sets the baseline, but direction matters just as much. A lane with plenty of return volume prices better than one where the vehicle comes back empty, because someone has to pay for the empty leg.
Vehicle type and utilisation
Specialised equipment costs more. A part load on a dedicated vehicle costs close to a full load, because you are buying the vehicle, not the space you use.
Mass, volume and legal limits
Loads close to legal mass limits restrict which combinations can be used. Bulky light loads price on space rather than weight.
Standing time and access
Hours waiting at a terminal, mine gate or DC are real costs. Operators either build them into the rate or charge them separately — make sure you know which.
Seasonality
Harvest peaks, pre-festive retail and port congestion tighten capacity and push rates up. Booking earlier in season protects you from that.